Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate a modified frankel appliance with application of jack-screw for gradual advancement of deficient mandible in treatment of C1 II DIV I malocclusion.Materials and Methods: 10 boys and girls 8-12 years old with skeletal C1 Il due to underdeveloped mandeble were selected from orthodontic department, school of dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.After obtaining study models, xrays photographs and clinical examination, jack screws were incorporated in buccal shields of modified franke1 function appliance, in such a form which opening of screw moved mandible gradually in a forward position.Results: After 6-9 months of treatment, C1 I molar relationship was achieved and the overjet was eliminated. The profile improved and nodual-bite was present. Lateral cephalograms showed the significant forward movement of B-point and increase of mandibular length. Cooperation of patients was very good.Conclusion: Gradual Gradual movement of mandible to the normal position, might clecrease the resistance of orofacial musculature, motivates the cooperation of patients, increnses the mandibular length and leads to neuromuscular adaptation.

A difficult clinical management is considered for Patients with Cl II malocclusion and severe deep bite. This is due to the fact that any changes lead the situation to a deeper and traumatic bite. High pull J Hook Head gear (H.J.H.G) with an extra oral anchorage has been introduced as being able to easily intrude anterior teeth in association to the use of a rectangular wire. This combination has a good control on root torque. This article discusses the clinical aspect of H.J.H.G with presentation of a case.

Background and Aim: Considering the prevalence of skeletal open bite and existing controversies around the relation between pharyngeal dimensions and dentofacial as well as craniofacial structures, the aim of this study was to investigate the pharyngeal dimensions in CLII DIVision I subjects with and without skeletal open bite malocclusion.Materials and Methods: This case control, double blind study was based on paraclinical data obtained through close analysis of files, cepholograms and study models. A total of 40 subjects, including 19 male and 21 females (mean age: 65.14±1.53 yrs) were selected based on the maxillary-mandibular plan angle, SN-Mandibular plan angle, Y-Axis and Tarabak Index. The study group was DIVided into two groups. The case group included 20 subjects with skeletal open bite and the control group consisted of 20 subjects without skeletal open bite. The pharyngeal dimensions including nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal and Hypopharyngel, depths were measured. The length of the airway and the distance between the hyoid bone and the mandibular plane were also recorded. Data was analyzed by T-test.Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of Nasopharyngeal, Oropharyngeal and Hypopharyngeal dimensions. Significant statistical difference was found between the length of the airway in the case group (62.4±3.78) and the control group (15.75±3.76) (p<0.03). There was also statistically significant difference between the distance of Hyoid bone to mandibular plane in the case group (15.75±3.76) and the control group (12.1±3.64) (p<0.003). There was an increase in both variables in the case group.Conclusion: The Nosopharyngeal, Oropharyngeal and Hypopharyngeal depths are not associated with skeletal open bite The length of the airway and the Hyoidbone- Mandibular plane distance could affect the growth pattern. Pharyngeal dimensions or respiration patterns have no effect on the growth pattern.

The role of pharyngeal space has been debated on developing respiratory problems and craniofacial deformities for many years. The purpose of this investigation was to find any differences in oropharyngeal dimensions between skeletal class I and class If malocclusions.Eighty patients with class I malocclusion (40 in 9-13 year & 40 in 18-30 year-old age groups) were compared to sixty patients with class Il malocclusion due to mandibular deficiency (30 in 9-13 year & 30 in 18-30 year old age groups). Patients were selected from those who had no respiratory problems, facial asymmetry, aberrant growth pattern, parafunctional habits, TMJ diseases, vestibule-cochlear, visual & hearing disorders, hypertrophy of adenoids or tonsiles, previous orthodontic treatment or maxillofacial surgery.A lateral cephalogram in Natural Head Position was taken from every patient. Skeletal relationships of craniofacial structures and oropharyngeal dimensions were measured together with the soft palate. Hyoid bone and cervical column position Results indicated that:1- There was no difference in oropharyngeal dimensions, soft palate, hyoid hone and cervical vertehral column position between skeletal class I and class If malocclusions in the normal respiratory pattern.2- Oropharynx showed some degree of growth in vrtical dimension during the growth period whereas  its sagittal depth remained mostly stable, except in the upper and lower border al class I malocclusion (PNS-UPW: p<0.01, Spt-PSpt: P<0.03, Va-PVa: P<0.01).The hyoid bone showed down ward move while the posture of cervical column and facial growth had no change. Finally, Soft palate showed a significant increase in length (PNS-U: P<U.OI) at class I malocclusion.

Aim: This study was designed to determine any profile changes and indentify the role of the most significant factors responsible for these changes.Materials and Methods: Cephalograms of 56 class II DIVision I patients (36 female and 18 male with mean age of 10 years) were used to analysis any changes in the perioral soft tissue profile before and after the treatment. A correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis (forward) revealed complex interaction between dentition, bony structures and soft tissues of the perioral area.Results: Retraction at the upper lip and increase in lower lip length in boys were more predictable than that of others. Significant soft tissue changes occured in response to orthodontic treatment, Upper lip retraction was shown to be related to the following factors: a- Retraction of upper incisal edges during treatment, b-Retraction of Point A, c- Pretreatment upper sulcus thickness and d- Retraction of sulcus superior.Conclusion: A greater increase in lower lip length takes place with greater amount of maxillary incisa1 edge retraction during treatment and a greater amount of sulcus superior retraction.

The Angle classification is usually used in epidemiologic studies to categorize the malocclusions. Despite its deficiencies, the angle classification is still one of the best and simplest methods of classification in orthodontics. In most of the previous studies, normal occlusal relationships, ClI, II & III malocclusions and some of their subDIVisions (e.g. ClII DIV I & ClII cm DIVe II) have been evaluated. In this study, 573 boys & girls with the ages within the range of 11-13 years were clinically examined in Mehran city and the frequencies of the malocclusions in the sample were determined with precise statistical methods. In this sample, 74.5% had ClI occlusion. Among them, 56.9% had ClI malocclusion & 17.6% had normal occlusion. The prevalence of ClII & ClIII malocclusions were 14.8% & 10.7% respectively. In this study no statistical significant differences were found regarding the distribution of occlusal relationships, age and gender.

Introduction: The purpose of orthognathic surgery is to correct facial deformity and dental malocclusion and to obtain normal orofacial function. However, there are controversies of whether orthognathic surgery might have any negative influence on temporomandibular joint. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of orthognathic surgery on articular disc position and temporomandibular joint symptoms of skeletal CI II patients by means of Magnetic Resonance Imaging.Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients (10 women and 5 men) with skeletal CI II malocclusion, aged 19-32 years (mean 23 years), from the Isfahan Department of Maxillofacial surgery were studied. All received lefort I & bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) and all patients received pre- and post surgical orthodontic treatment, Magnetic Resonance Imaging was performed 1 day preoperatively and 3 month post operatively. Statistical analysis of the positional change of the disk was done by Wilcoxon rank sum test.Results: The change of articular disc position after mandibular advancement surgery by means of sagittal split ramus osteotomy was not statistically significant, but it tended to be positioned anteriorly.Conclusion: It can be suggested that orthognathic surgery dose not significantly change the position of the articular disc.

Background & Aim: Sandwich technique with glass ionomer (GI) has been recommended to overcome gingival microleakage. The study objectives were to compare open and closed sandwich techniques and evaluate GI injection in sandwich restorations.Materials & Methods: Sixty extracted sound premolar teeth were DIVided into 4 groups (n=15). A Class II cavity with gingival margin below CEJ was prepared on each tooth. Teeth were restored using glass ionomer (Fuji II LC), adhesive (Single Bond) and resin composite (Z250) as follows: Group 1, Open sandwich, GI injection; Group 2, Open sandwich, placing GI by a probe; Group 3, Closed sandwich, GI injection; Group 4, Closed sandwich technique, placing GI by a probe. Dye penetration was performed by using fushin after thermocycling. Teeth were sectioned then dye penetration was evaluated (0-3 scores) under a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis was conducted using Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The least microleakage was observed in closed sandwich technique with GI injection and the most microleakage was observed in open sandwich using GI by a probe. When comparing the handling techniques, it was shown that using a syringe was significantly better than using a probe (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference between open and closed sandwich techniques although the mean dye penetration happened less in closed technique. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, injection of GI into cavity is recommended because of better access and superior adaptation of GI with cavity walls.